Fichier:Mandarins LCCN2011660129.jpg

Library of Congress

• Catalog: https://lccn.loc.gov/2011660129
• Image download: https://cdn.loc.gov/service/pnp/cph/3b10000/3b12000/3b12100/3b12167r.jpg
• Original url: https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/cph28748/

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• Title from front of item.
• Caption from back of item: Civil officer. foreigners have been in the habit of calling all Officers either Civil or Military in China "Mandarins", whereas the Chinese themselves never use such a term, and only those who are thrown in constant contact with Foreigners have any idea of the meaning of the word.--The origin of this nisnomer [i.e., misnomer] is said to be derived from the Portuguese word "Man dar" to command, and this is probably the correct explanation of the derivation of the name.
• Photograph taken by John Thomson in Shanghai, 1870-72. (Source: Regine Thiriez, 2009)
• In album: Japanese and Chinese portraits, [p. 40, lower right].