Enseignement de l'indonésien/Acquérir du vocabulaire par association de mots

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Here are some effective mnemonic (memory) techniques to help you remember vocabulary. They take some work, but you'll be rewarded with a fast-growing vocabulary.

Further down are some even easier words -

Word association

Any kind of word association can help you in the early stages of remembering a word. The most effective associations are ones that are vivid, emotional, funny and/or shocking.

Note: this section is under construction, and formatting decisions haven't been finalised. Feel free to add your suggestions. If you don't understand the table formatting, just try your best; otherwise, add your suggestion below the table.

English	Indonesian	Suggested association
white	putih	The putih cat is white.
seven	tujuh	Everyone sings "Happy birthday tujuh!" on your seventh birthday
sweet	manis	Having moneys is sweet.
(government) minister	menteri	Mandarin (which also refers to a type of government official, in China)
(soy) sauce	kecap	ketchup
hat/cap	topi	your hat goes on top
factory	pabrik	fabric, fabricate
super powers	Adidaya	Adidas
priest/minister	pendeta	pundit
account	rekening	reckoning
cinema	bioskop	(sounds like bio-scope - something for watching life)
late	telat (informal)	too late
season	musim	muslim
intellect, reason	budi	Buddha
newspaper	koran	Quran
skills	ketrampilan	tramps have skills
oral, verbal	lisan	listen
add more here	Indonesian here	association here

**Advanced vocabulary**
English	Indonesian	Suggested association
exhaust (on a car)	knalpot (or kenalpot)	gnarled pot

Sometimes there is no exact association that comes to mind. If you're keen to use the technique, you might find an association that's rather distant or twisted, but close enough to help:

**Less obvious associations**
English	Indonesian	Suggested association
hitam	black	The black man did nothing wrong, but the policeman hitam (hit him).
to like	mangoes	the teacher like mangoes

Similar words to English

Note: This section needs to be arranged in sections - perhaps topics and word types will be more useful than "Words spelt the same as English" and "Nearly the same." It is suggested, however, that "Less common words" be kept separate, as an advanced vocabulary list.

Words spelt the same as English

Remember, just because it's spelt the same, doesn't mean it's pronounced in exactly the same way. Indonesians pronounce things far more phonetically (pronouncing each letter in the standard way with few exceptions). If you use English pronunciation, people may or may not understand you, so it's far better to follow the rules of Indonesian pronunciation, according to how the word is spelt.

Note also that although the words may look like English, they still follow Indonesian rules of word order (blue radio = radio biru) and construction (to carry on a dialogue = berdialog).

abnormal
normal
alias
gratis
hanger (= clothes hanger)
radio
organ
hotel
menu
target
formal
regional
AC (ah-seh) (air-conditioning)
WC (weh-seh) (water closet)
toilet (but WC is the more common term)

Modern technology

There are several abbreviations which are not pronounced in standard Indonesian form, but rather mimic English pronunciation:

TV (pronounced as tivi, i.e. almost the same as English)
DVD (dividi)
CD (sidi)
GPS (jipies)

Nearly the same

dosis (dose)
dialog
musik
es (ice)
es krim (ice cream)
piyama
sama (same)
nama (name)
kartu (card)
buku (book)
bir (beer)
truk
bis (or more rarely, bus)
taksi
handphone (pr. henpon (or henfon?)) please help with common/correct pronunciation
telepon
nasional
internasional
dosin (dozen)
aktif (active)
dwi- (di-, i.e. prefix meaning two)
solusi (solution - to a problem)
migrasi
kasus (e.g. police or legal case)
menit (minute)
nomor (number)
paspor (passport)
kode pos (post code)
gelas (glass)
kampanye (campaign)
transparen?
fail (meaning file, pr file; also berkas)
introspeksi diri (to be introspective; self-examination)
manajemen
direksi (management)
strategis
riil (real)
aktual
faktual
fakta
steril
drama
dramatik (dramatic)
dramatis (dramatic?)
stabil
kultur (culture; more commonly //budaya//)
kultural (cultural)

Concrete nouns

tatu (tatoo - in either sense: a picture on the skin or a military music event)
sponsor (advertisement; more commonly iklan)
artikel
kios
brosir
coklat (chocolate; also means brown)
apel (apple)
pir (pear)
mangga (mango)
manggis (mangosteen)
sop (soup)
gosip
pensil
lampu

Music

dram
band
grup
pop

Note, major musical terms in English, such as jazz and rock, are widely recognized.

Uncertain

These words need to be confirmed before being added above - are these words commonly used in Indonesian?

melodrama?

The same word with slightly different meanings

Mister (term of address for white male, unofficial but very common)
Blacksweet (pr. blekswit, in imitation of English) - dark and attractive, used of an attractive dark-skinned woman. (The Indonesian term is hitam manis, but the literal translation "black sweet" is widely known.)

moderately common...

tempo (time period)

Scientific & academic terms

Note, major scientific & academic terms are often very similar to English, including fields of study such as biology, geology. planet names (apart from bumi = earth). Remember that the pronunciation follows Indonesian rules - don't relax and think you know the word, and read the word as if it were English!

hortikultura (horticulture)
planet

Less common words (advanced vocab)

sensus (census)
kudeta (coup d'etat)
otomotif
ambivalen (ambivalent)
anarki (anarchy)
sinonim
antonim
arsitektur (architecture)
stasiun (station, as in train station)
stroberi (strawberry)
universitas
kampus
akta (act, as in written legal document)

Many technical and philosophical words are also the same, or are formed in predictable ways. E.g. -ization becomes -isasi, so globalization becomes globalisasi.

Closely related meanings

guru (teacher)
mobil (car i.e. automobile)
gubernur (governor c.f. gubernatorial)
apotek (pharmacy, c.f. apothecary; farmasi is also used)

Slightly similar

archive (arsip)
bishop (uskup)
biru (blue)

Guide to guessing

Try in your usual pronunciation of the English word, with an Indonesian accent as best you can, and see if it's recognized (then take note how //they// pronounce it). If that doesn't work, try pronouncing the word if read with Indonesian pronunciation rules.

Why do so many words sound the same?

Just for your interest:

You may be wondering why many words sound similar in Indonesian and English. Most or all of these words have come to Indonesian as loan-words from other languages, especially European languages, and most especially Dutch. (See Loan words in Indonesian on Wikipedia) Realising the connection might sometimes makes it easier to remember the words.

Words that appear to have similar origins (lacking confirmation - please supply references if possible)

For example:

Portuguese: tenda

Sanskrit and Hindi: Sanskrit is an Indo-European language and shares a common origin with Latin and most other European languages. There is an additional influence from Hindi on English due to the British colonization of India. E.g. The English word pundit derives from the Hindi word for a priest (and Sanskrit before that) and probably has a common origin with pendeta. (reference needed)

Menteri (government minister) derives from Sanskrit, and the Malay word menteri is in turn the origin of the English word "Mandarin" (official)

Words derived from Indonesian or Malay:

Indonesian	English
teh	tea
sarung	sarong
amuk/amok	amok/amuck