Gambas 3/Gambas3LeLangage/L'orienté objet avec Gambas/L'introspection

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Introspection[modifier | modifier le wikicode]

Gambas est capable de retrouver les caractéristiques d'un objet durant l'exécution d'un programme.

Il peut, par exemple, répondre aux questions suivantes :

  • Quelle est la classe qui a été utilisée pour créer l'objet que je traite ?
  • Cette classe hérite-elle d'une autre ?
  • L'objet peut-il faire ceci ou cela ?

Gambas peut générer des objets. En revanche, créer une toute nouvelle classe dynamiquement semble ne pas être possible.

En revanche, vous pouvez générer un projet (créer des dossiers, des fichiers avec l'extension .class, et ainsi de suite). Après, vous pouvez compiler le projet ainsi créé avec gbc, l'archiver avec gba et enfin l'exécuter avec gbr3 ! Les scripts Gambas (gbs) fonctionnent ainsi.

Ci-dessous, voici du code pour illustrer l'introspection. Ce code affiche l'interface d'une classe. Il est imparfait mais ça donne une bonne idée du concept.

Le plus intéressant est tout en bas, dans le code du module.

Voici la classe de base Symbol représentant un élément de l'interface : 

' Gambas class file

' Symbol

Public Const const_SymbolDescription As String = "Symbol"

Property TypeName As String
Property SymbolName As String

Private $sTypeName As String
Private $sSymbolName As String

Private Function TypeName_Read() As String

  Return $sTypeName

End

Private Sub TypeName_Write(Value As String)

  $sTypeName = Value

End

Private Function SymbolName_Read() As String

  Return $sSymbolName

End

Private Sub SymbolName_Write(Value As String)

  $sSymbolName = Value

End

Public Function ToString() As String

  Return "(" & const_SymbolDescription & ") Name: " & $sSymbolName & ", Type: " & $sTypeName & ". "

End

Puis les classes fille :

  • SymConstant représente une constante
' Gambas class file

' SymConstant

Inherits Symbol

Public Const const_SymbolDescription As String = "Constant"

Property IsStatic As Boolean
Property TheValue As Variant

Private $bIsStatic As Boolean
Private $vTheValue As Variant

Private Function IsStatic_Read() As Boolean

  Return $bIsStatic

End

Private Sub IsStatic_Write(Value As Boolean)

  $bIsStatic = Value

End

Private Function TheValue_Read() As Variant

  Return $vTheValue

End

Private Sub TheValue_Write(Value As Variant)

  $vTheValue = Value

End

Public Function ToString() As String

  Return "(" & const_SymbolDescription & ") Name: " & Me.SymbolName & ", Type: " & Me.TypeName & IIf(Me.IsStatic, ", IsStatic", "") & ", Value: " & Me.TheValue & ". "

End
  • SymEvent représente un événement
' Gambas class file

' SymEvent

Inherits Symbol

Public Const const_SymbolDescription As String = "Event"

Property Signature As String
Private $sSignature As String

Private Function Signature_Read() As String

  Return $sSignature

End

Private Sub Signature_Write(Value As String)

  $sSignature = Value

End

Public Function ToString() As String

  Return "(" & const_SymbolDescription & ") Name: " & Me.SymbolName & ", Type: " & Me.TypeName & ", Signature: " & Me.Signature & ". "

End
  • SymMethod représente une méthode
' Gambas class file

' SymMethod

Inherits Symbol

Public Const const_SymbolDescription As String = "Method"

Property IsStatic As Boolean
Property Signature As String

Private $bIsStatic As Boolean
Private $sSignature As String

Private Function IsStatic_Read() As Boolean

  Return $bIsStatic

End

Private Sub IsStatic_Write(Value As Boolean)

  $bIsStatic = Value

End

Private Function Signature_Read() As String

  Return $sSignature

End

Private Sub Signature_Write(Value As String)

  $sSignature = Value

End

Public Function ToString() As String

  Return "(" & const_SymbolDescription & ") Name: " & Me.SymbolName & ", Type: " & Me.TypeName & IIf(Me.IsStatic, ", IsStatic", "") & ", Signature: " & Me.Signature & ". "

End
  • SymProperty représente une propriété
' Gambas class file

' SymProperty

Inherits Symbol

Public Const const_SymbolDescription As String = "Property"

Property IsStatic As Boolean
Property IsReadOnly As Boolean

Private $bIsStatic As Boolean
Private $bIsReadOnly As Boolean

Private Function IsStatic_Read() As Boolean

  Return $bIsStatic

End

Private Sub IsStatic_Write(Value As Boolean)

  $bIsStatic = Value

End

Private Function IsReadOnly_Read() As Boolean

  Return $bIsReadOnly

End

Private Sub IsReadOnly_Write(Value As Boolean)

  $bIsReadOnly = Value

End

Public Function ToString() As String

  Return "(" & const_SymbolDescription & ") Name: " & Me.SymbolName & ", Type: " & Me.TypeName & IIf(Me.IsStatic, ", IsStatic", "") & IIf(Me.IsReadOnly, ", IsReadOnly", "") & ". "

End
  • SymVariable représente une variable
' Gambas class file

' SymVariable

Inherits Symbol

Public Const const_SymbolDescription As String = "Variable"

Property IsStatic As Boolean
Property TheValue As Variant

Private $bIsStatic As Boolean
Private $vTheValue As Variant

Private Function IsStatic_Read() As Boolean

  Return $bIsStatic

End

Private Sub IsStatic_Write(Value As Boolean)

  $bIsStatic = Value

End

Private Function TheValue_Read() As Variant

  Return $vTheValue

End

Private Sub TheValue_Write(Value As Variant)

  $vTheValue = Value

End

Public Function ToString() As String

  Return "(" & const_SymbolDescription & ") Name: " & Me.SymbolName & ", Type: " & Me.TypeName & IIf(Me.IsStatic, ", IsStatic", "") & ", Value: " & Me.TheValue & ". "

End

En enfin, voici le code principal du module de démarrage : 

' Gambas module file

' Module1

Public Sub Main()

  Dim hClass As Class
  Dim hParentClass As Class
  Dim sClassName As String
  Dim i As Integer
  Dim sSymbolName As String
  Dim symConst As SymConstant
  Dim symEvnt As SymEvent
  Dim symMeth As SymMethod
  Dim symProp As SymProperty
  Dim symVar As SymVariable
  Dim constants As New SymConstant[]
  Dim events As New SymEvent[]
  Dim methods As New SymMethod[]
  Dim properties As New SymProperty[]
  Dim variables As New SymVariable[]

  sClassName = "Component" ' <<-- Give the name of the class here

  Print "Starting the analysis for the class \"" & sClassName & "\" ... "
  Print "(Remember that we cannot see the private symbols of the class.) "

  Try hClass = Classes[sClassName]
  If Error Then
    Error.Clear
    Try hClass = Class.Load(sClassName)
    If Error Then
      Error.Clear
      Print "The class \"" & sClassName & "\" does not exists or the component is not loaded. "
      Quit
    Else
      Print "This is a standard class. "
    Endif
  Else
    Print "The class " & sClassName & " is Static Created! "
  Endif

  hParentClass = hClass.Parent

  If hParentClass Then
    Print "The class " & sClassName & " inherits from class " & hParentClass.Name & ". "
  Else
    Print "No inheritance detected. "
  Endif

  For i = 0 To hClass.Symbols.Count - 1
    sSymbolName = hClass.Symbols[i]
    Select Case hClass[sSymbolName].Kind
      Case Class.Event
        symEvnt = New SymEvent
        With symEvnt
          .SymbolName = sSymbolName
          .TypeName = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Type)
          .Signature = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Signature)
        End With
        events.Add(symEvnt, events.Count)
      Case Class.Constant
        symConst = New SymConstant
        With symConst
          .SymbolName = sSymbolName
          .TypeName = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Type)
          .IsStatic = CBool(hClass[sSymbolName].Static)
          .TheValue = hClass[sSymbolName].Value
        End With
        constants.Add(symConst, constants.Count)
      Case Class.Method
        symMeth = New SymMethod
        With symMeth
          .SymbolName = sSymbolName
          .TypeName = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Type)
          .IsStatic = CBool(hClass[sSymbolName].Static)
          .Signature = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Signature)
        End With
        methods.Add(symMeth, methods.Count)
      Case Class.Property
        symProp = New SymProperty
        With symProp
          .SymbolName = sSymbolName
          .TypeName = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Type)
          .IsStatic = CBool(hClass[sSymbolName].Static)
          .IsReadOnly = CBool(hClass[sSymbolName].ReadOnly)
        End With
        properties.Add(symProp, properties.Count)
      Case Class.Variable
        symVar = New SymVariable
        With symVar
          .SymbolName = sSymbolName
          .TypeName = GetTypeFrom(hClass[sSymbolName].Type)
          .IsStatic = CBool(hClass[sSymbolName].Static)
          .TheValue = hClass[sSymbolName].Value
        End With
        variables.Add(symVar, variables.Count)
      Case Else
        Print hClass.Symbols[i] & " is something else. "
        Error.Raise("This should not happend! Unrecognized type of symbol. ")
    End Select
  Next

  For Each symConst In constants
    Print symConst.ToString()
  Next
  For Each symEvnt In events
    Print symEvnt.ToString()
  Next
  For Each symMeth In methods
    Print symMeth.ToString()
  Next
  For Each symProp In properties
    Print symProp.ToString()
  Next
  For Each symVar In variables
    Print symVar.ToString()
  Next

End

Public Function GetTypeFrom(Value As String) As String

  Dim result As String = ""
  Dim i As Integer

  If Value Then
    If Value = "_Settings_Keys" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = ".Symbol" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = "Args" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = "Class" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = "Env" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = "Stream;" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = "String[]" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else If Value = "Component" Then
      result &= "|" & Trim(Value) & "|"
    Else
      For i = 1 To Len(Value)
        Select Case Right(Left(Value, i), 1)
          Case ";"
            result &= "|Optional Flag|"
          Case "b"
            result &= "|Boolean|"
          Case "f"
            result &= "|Float|"
          Case "i"
            result &= "|Integer|"
          Case "l"
            result &= "|Long|"
          Case "o"
            result &= "|Objet|"
          Case "s"
            result &= "|String|"
          Case "v"
            result &= "|Variant|"
          Case Else
            Error.Raise("à implémenter : \"" & Value & "\" !")
        End Select
      Next
    Endif
  Else
    result = "|Void|"
  Endif
  Return result

End

Essayez d'analyser diverses classes :

  • Settings
  • application
  • Component
  • Etc
Récupérée de « https://fr.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Gambas_3/Gambas3LeLangage/L%27orienté_objet_avec_Gambas/L%27introspection&oldid=636345 »